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KYIV RUS Formation of Ukrainian State was a long process. Some historians think that the most ancient people in the South of Ukraine were Cimmerians – nomads that settled near the Black Sea coast. In the 7 century B.C. they were forced out by Scythians. Later on, after the collapse of Scythian State, Sarmatians settled in the Southern Ukraine. In the 3-4 century East Slavic tribes populated steppe and forest zones of the country. In the 6th century the territory between the forest zone and the Black Sea as well as the zone between Don and the Carpathians was occupied by Slavic Tribes called “Ants”. The historic border for the Ukrainian people is the 4th century. Before this time you could speak about Ukrainian tribes as a part of Slavic tribes.
In the 18th century West-Ukrainian lands passed to Austro-Hungary. After the February Revolution in 1917 there were conditions for reunion of Ukrainian population and formation of Ukrainian State. On the November 7th 1917 Ukrainian People’s Republic was proclaimed in Kyiv that united lands of Central and Eastern Ukraine. Despite of this fact, the 1st Ukrainian Soviet Congress proclaimed Ukraine a Soviet Republic on the 25th of December 1917. On the 13th of November 1918 patriotic democratic parties officially announced the formation of West-Ukrainian Democratic Republic. The 22d of January 1919 was the day when West-Ukrainian Democratic Republic and Ukrainian People’s Republic were united into one state under the ancient as a national emblem, and yellow-blue national flag. Unfortunately, Ukrainian government could not preserve the state. Russian troupes defeated Western Ukraine and in 1922 this part has entered the neogenic USSR. Western Ukraine still remained a part of Poland. WORLD WAR I World War I and Russian revolution have destroyed Habsburg and Romanov empires. Ukrainians got a chance to create their own state. On the 7th of November 1917 Ukrainian People’s Republic was proclaimed in Kyiv, on the 25th of December 1917 Ukrainian Soviet Republic was proclaimed in Kharkov, and on the 13th of November 1918 West-Ukrainian Democratic Republic was proclaimed in Lvov. On the 22d of January 1919 people’s republics were united. But the existence of the new state became impossible under the attacks of Polish troops from the west and the Red Army from the east (1920). The south-eastern part of Ukraine was for some time controlled by anarchist peasants headed by Nestor Mahno. The war in Ukraine lasted till 1921. As a result the west of Ukraine became a part of Poland, and the eastern Ukraine became one of Soviet Republics.
WORLD WAR II In 1939 according to the secret agreement between fascist Germany and the USSR government Poland was divided, and Western Ukrainian lands became a part of the USSR and reunited with the Ukrainian Soviet Republic. In 1940 Romania returned Northern Bukovina and Southern Bessarabia and they became a part of the Ukrainian SSR. World War II devastated the country. All of Ukrainian territory was occupied. 74 cities and 28 thousands of villages were destroyed. They were only rebuilt in the end of 1940ies – 1950ies. In 1945 by the agreement between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union Zakarpatsky district became a part of the Ukrainian SSR. Taking into the account common economy, territorial closeness, historical past, close production and cultural ties, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR passed Crimean district to be a part of the Ukrainian SSR in 1954. This ended the formation of modern Ukrainian territory. Today Ukraine consists of 24 administrative districts and Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
PERESTROJKA coming to power in Kremlin in 1985 lead to political changes in Ukraine. Publicity gave a chance to fill in “blank spots” in Ukrainian history, and growing political freedom – to rehabilitate dissident groups and create national cultural organizations. Formation of “Rukh” and dismissing V.V. Scherbitskiy in the end of 1989 became a turning point in social life. In 1990 the former secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine L.M. Kravchuk was appointed a presidium chairman of the cosmetically renewed Supreme Soviet that included 25% of deputies from national and democratic movements, elected in semi-free elections in 1990. On the 16th of July 1990 Ukraine announced its sovereignty. On the 21t of November 1990 Ukraine and Russian Federation signed a treaty of sovereignty and non-interference into each other’s internal affairs. INDEPENDENCE After putsch of the 24th of August 1991 Ukraine proclaimed its independence. Nation-wide independence referendum was held on the 1st of December; nearly 90 % of population supported the Independence Declaration. Ukrainian Republic became a member of Security and Cooperation Council in Europe, International Currency Reserves, NATO Advisory Council and European Bank of Reconstruction and Development. READ MORE ABOUT:
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